05.Belinda+Douglas

7/2/12 Robert Brown.. Robert Brown was a British botanist and a Plant geographer in the first half of the 19th Century within Australia and Scotland. He first studies medical studies at Edinburgh University in 1975. When he had graduated from university he had served as a assistant surgeon in the army located in Northern Ireland. And had done most of his jobs within Australia and Scotland. Robert's job involved being a botanist and a plant geographer. Robert contributed to the cell theory as he had discovery of the cell nucleus. The first observation of Brownian Motion, the early work on plant pollination and fertilisation and also some studies in palynology. Robert's contribution was important as he had contributed many different area's within the cell theory which had been discovered or observed by himself and also working on the early life of things such as plants. Through this he had contributed a large range of information to make the cell theory important as he was one of the most popular person who is studies within the cell theory.
 * **Who are they ?**
 * **What was their job ?**
 * **What did they contribute to cell theory ?**
 * **Why was their contribution so important?**

Robert Hooke..

Robert Hooke was an english physicist and an inventor in the 17th century, who had wrote the 1665 book 'Micrographia'. Hooke was considered a great mechanic of his age, as he made improvements in astronomical instruments and clocks. Robert also attend at Oxford University, and had also introduced the word "cell", and he was popular for his invention of the compound microscope. Robert's job had involved being a physicist and he was known as a inventor within the 17th century, but in some cases he was also known to be a mathematician. Hooke contributed to the cell theory by the fact that he was the first to formulate the theory of planetary, explored the behaviour of elastic materials and coined the term "cell". Robert had also build the first 'Gregorian telescope'. Hooke's contribution was important as he did prove and invent items and theory's which had related to the cell theory, and was well known for his book ' Micrographia' in the 1665. Through hooke studies it led to him having an enunciation of "Hooke's Law". And he was also names London's Surveyor after the great fire of 1666.
 * **Who are they?**
 * **What was their job?**
 * **What did they contribute to cell theory?**
 * **Why was their contribution so important?**

**Learning Prep:** Using the internet students are to research each of part of the plant listed create a table to describe their function.
 * Root, Stem, Axillary bud, Leaf, Flower, Apical Bud, Photosynthetic tissue, Vascular tissue, Mesophyll tissue, Guard cells, Epidermal cells, Palisade mesophyll cells, Spongy mesophyll cells.


 * Stucture:** **Function:**
 * Root**: The root fixes the plant in the soil, it also absorbs water and minerals from the soil for the entire plant. In certain plants, roots store food materials and roots bind the soil together so that the plant does not get washed away during rain or blown over by the wind.
 * Stem**: Helps spread out the branched leaves, also helps transport water and minerals to the leaves. The stem can also produce fruits and flowers, it also protect's the plant from spines and thorns.The stem has tendrils to support the plant such as in climbers and storages of food suchas in the nodes.
 * Axillary bud**: The axillary bud helps produce a branch, or new leaf.
 * Leaf:** The lead contains chlorophyll which converts carbon dioxide and water to simple glucose sugars in the presence of sunlight. The leaf also provides shade and shelter for the stem and root system.
 * Flower**: Has three basic functions these are providing a platform for the sexual reproductive systemof the plant, providing a mechanism to attract pollinators to facilitate pollination and provides a platform for fertilized ovules to develop and be distributed as fruit and seeds.
 * Apical Bud:** produces the growth of hormone auxin, which not only promotes cell division, but also diffuses downwards and inhibits the development of lateral bud growth which would otherwise compete with the apical tip for light and nutrients.
 * Photosynthetic Tissue**: absorbs water and air.
 * Vascular Tissue:** has two components called xylem and pholem. The xylem helps in the transport of water absorbed through roots to all the aerial parts of the plant and the phloem helps in transporting the manufactured food from leaves to all other parts of the plant.
 * Mesophyll Tissue:** is responsible for storing energy and nutrients until they can be transmitted to the veins in the leaf and sent elsewhere in the plant where they are needed.
 * Guard Cells**: Is they help to regulate the rate of transpiration by opening and closing the stomata when preventing excessive water loss.
 * Epidermal Cells**: is transparent to allow maxium light harvesting and protection.
 * Palisade mesophyll Cells**: the cells contain chloroplasts that absorb sunlight to convert the energy in photons to chemical energy through photosynthesis.
 * Spongy mesophyll cells**: is the air spaces in a plant that allow air to diffuse among the cells which are producing and releasing both CO2 and O2.


 * 19/3/12: Digestive Systems of a cow and dog.**


 * [[image:http://www.articlesweb.org/blog/wp-content/gallery/the-cow-digestive-system/the-cow-digestive-system-05.jpg width="358" height="249"]]vs** [[image:http://www.clivir.com/temp/cache/4471033cfeb2d1de844a748238f861da.png width="305" height="270"]]

Compare:
 * Similarities:**
 * Both have Esophagus
 * Have large/small intestines.
 * Both have a mouth.
 * Both have Liver.


 * Differences:**
 * The cow has a rumen.
 * Dog has a caesum.
 * A cow has a pelvic bone and a bladder.
 * A Cow has a abomasum and a Omasum.
 * Dog has a stomach,duodenum and a pancreas.
 * A Dog also has a spleen.


 * 2/4/12. **


 * // 1. What are radioisotopes used for in medicine? //
 * // 2. Provide 3 examples of a radioisotope and list where it is used. //
 * // 3. Choose one of your examples and describe the process. //
 * // 4. List the pros and cons of using radioisotopes in medicine. //

1: Radioisotopes are used for in medicine are radiation for nuclear medicine by providing diagnostic information about the functioning of a person's specific organs. Radiotherapy can be used to treat some medical conditions, especially cancer, using radiation to weaken or destroy particular targeted cells. 2: Examples: 3: Radiotherapy Process: 4: Pro's and Con's.
 * **teletherapy unit**: destroys tumors with gamma radiation from a radioisotope,
 * **Radiotherapy**- dividing cells are particularly sensitive to damage by radiation. some cancerous growths can be controlled or eliminated by irradiating the area containing the growth.
 * **Iodine:** collects in the thyroid collected in the bones, heart, and other organs, doctors can use radioisotopes of these elements as tracers.
 * 1) CT Scan
 * 2) Tumour Location
 * 3) Skin reference marks
 * 4) Treatment Planning
 * 5) Virtual Simulation
 * 6) Radiotherapy Treatment.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 90%;">PRO's: **
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 90%;">They can detect very minute amounts of material.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 90%;">You can label specific atoms (say carbon-1 in glucose) to follow where each one goes.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 90%;"> A radioactive molecule is chemically exactly like the unlabeled form (this isn't really 100% true but for what you want it's close enough). Thus, it will behave just like the unlabeled form so you don't have to worry about effects due to the labeling itself.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 90%;"> Since carbon, hydrogen and phosphorus can be easily purchased in radioactive forms, you can make just about any biomolecule in a radioactive form.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 90%;">CON's **
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 90%;"> Radioisotopes are rather expensive.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 90%;">Radioisotopes are hazardous and must be handled with extreme care. By the same token, they present a disposal hazard.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 90%;">Some radioisotopes (like P-32 and I-125) have short half-lives, so you have to use them quickly.

//__**3/5/13.Learning Prep:**__// Students to choose an animal that has adapted to one of the environments discussed in class and describe its adaptations.

<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">**ANIMAL:** Dolphin.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Adaptions: **
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Swimming speed and duration are closely tied. High-speed swimming probably lasts only seconds, while low-speed swimming may last for long periods of time.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">A dolphin's characteristic //fusiform// shape is quite energy-efficient for swimming.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Dolphins sometimes "porpoise" at the surface: they swim fast enough to break free of the water, flying up and out and then back under in one continuous movement, which they generally repeat.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">A dolphin breathes through a single blowhole on the top surface of its head.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Dolphins generally do not need to dive very deep to catch food.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Dolphins maintain a constant body temperature. A dolphin's core body temperature is about 36° to 37°C.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Dolphins spend about 33% of each day sleeping.


 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">8/5/12: The Mosquito Fish. **
 * 1) **<span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"> What is its scientific name? **
 * 2) **<span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Provide a diagram of the mosquito fish **
 * 3) **<span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Why was the mosquito fish introduced? **
 * 4) **<span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">What are some of its adaptations **
 * 5) **<span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">For each adaptation, explain how it improves the mosquito fishes chance of survival? **
 * 6) **<span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">What has this done to the how has this influenced the distribution and abundance of mosquito fish? **

<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">1. Gambusia affinis <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">2. <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"> <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">3. <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Mosquitofish were intentionally introduced in many areas with large mosquito populations to decrease the population of mosquitoes by eating the mosquito larvae.However, most introductions were ill-advised; in most cases native fish had already proven to supply maximal control of mosquito population and introducing mosquitofish has been more harmful to indigenous aquatic life than to the mosquito population. Introductions outside the mosquitofish's natural range, can be harmful to the nonnative ecosystems.Mosquitofish have been known to kill or injure other small fish by their aggressive behavior and otherwise harm them through competition.

<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">4. <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Mosquitofish have a high tolerance for salinity, low oxygen, extreme temperatures and pollutants, and are able to live in many areas where other fish cannot. Certain thermal adaptations have allowed the mosquito fish to live in places from 55° North to 44° South, expanding their natural range. They have a resistance to a variety of pollutants, including organic waste, heavy metals, insecticides, herbicides, rotenone, phenol, and radiation. In so reasons low mosquito levels in areas populated by gambusia is not because of the fish, but rather the insecticide in the water killing the larvae.

<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">5. <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Salinity:

<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">12/6/12: Urey And Miller Powerpoint. <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">