11.Maksym+Rebchuk

=__**7/2/12**__=

//__Who is Robert Hooke?__//
Robert Hooke is an English physicist who discovered the law of elasticity, contributed significantly to our understanding of astronomy, and his work with the compound microscope was what led him to be one of the first proponents of theory of evolution and the discovery of cells.

//__What was their job?__// He was a physician and professor of Geometry in Gresham College.

__//What did they contribute to cell theory?//__
His work with the compound microscope led him to discover that cells existed.

//__Why was his contribution so important?__//
His contribution was important as he proved that cells existed.

__//Who is Robert Brown?//__
Robert Brown was a Scottish botanist (study of plants)

//__What was their job?__//
Robert Brown studied medicine and joined the army as a surgeon in 1795. He was also acknowledged as the leading British botanist to collect in Australia during the first half of the 19th century.

__//What did they contribute to cell theory?//__
He discovered the nucleus of a plant's cell.

__//Why was his contribution so important?//__
His contribution to the cell theory was important because it helped us understand the structure of a cell.

=__**The Digestive system of a Cow and Dog**__=

__**Similarities and Differences**__
The dog and the cow have different diets. This affects their whole digestive system. The only similarities in between these two animals is that they both have an esophagus (a tube that leads the food from the mouth into the stomach/s), small intestines and large intestines. The major difference in between these two animals is their stomach/s. The dog is mogastromic animal, which means that it only has one stomach, where as the cow on the other hand, is a ruminant animal, which means that it has more than one stomach (4 stomachs). The four are: the rumen, or first stomach, where bacterial fermentation produces volatile fatty acids, and whence the food is returned to the mouth for further mastication (chewing the cud); the reticulum, where further bacterial fermentation produces volatile fatty acids; the omasum; and the abomasum or true stomach.

=Questions=

// 1. What are radioisotopes used for in medicine? // // 2. Provide 3 examples of a radioisotope and list where it is used. // Cobalt-60 is used to treat tumors and cancer. Iodine 131 used to treat thyroid disease. technetium-99 is used for diagnosis. // 3. Choose one of your examples and describe the process. // When a person is suffering from cancer, Iodine 131 can be used in small doses to cure the cancer. When iodine 131 is present in the body, the radiation released from it, destroys the cells that are infected with the thyroid cancer.
 * **Nuclear medicine uses radiation to provide diagnostic information about the functioning of a person's specific organs, or to treat them. Diagnostic procedures are now routine.**
 * **Radiotherapy can be used to treat some medical conditions, especially cancer, using radiation to weaken or destroy particular targeted cells.**
 * **Tens of millions of nuclear medicine procedures are performed each year, and demand for radioisotopes is increasing rapidly.**

// 4. List the pros and cons of using radioisotopes in medicine. // Pros- It makes everyday medical treatment much easier + can cure many diseases. Cons- when used in high amount, the radioactivity expelled from the radioisotope can mutate the cells within the body.

__**The Mosquito Fish in Australia **__
__Scientific name__: Gambusia affinis

__Diagram:__



__Why was the mosquito fish first introduced?:__ Mosquitofish were introduced by military and local councils to control mosquito populations, however there has been no evidence that gambusia has had any effect in controlling mosquito populations or mosquito-borne diseases in Australia in 1925.

__What are some adaptations and how it improves its chances of survival?:__ Certain thermal adaptations have allowed them to live in places from 55° North to 44° South, expanding their natural range. They have a resistance to a wide variety of pollutants, including organic waste, heavy metals, insecticides, herbicides, rotenone, phenol, and radiation. Ichthyologists believe the reason for low mosquito levels in areas populated by gambusia is not because of the fish, but rather the insecticide in the water killing the larvae. Mosquitofish occur in clear and muddy waters, primarily in warm still or slow flowing water with surface vegetation. They prefer water temperatures between 25°C and 38°C, but have been known to survive under ice and in temperatures up to 44°C. Like Carp and Goldfish, the Mosquitofish can tolerate a wide range of salinities, all of these strategies allowing it to be highly competitive and widespread.

__What has this done to the ecosystem and how has this influenced the distribution and abundance of the mosquito fish:?__ Currently, known populations of wild mosquitofish occur in every state and territory except the Northern Territory, and they are found in swamps, lakes, billabongs, thermal springs, salt lakes, and ornamental ponds.Mosquitofish have harmed native fish populations in many ways. By consuming algae-eating zooplankton, they increase the chances of algae blooms in the water, reducing the water quality. They are very aggressive, and tend to attack other fish and nip their fins, leading to infection or death. The decline of the soft spined rainbow fish in Queensland has been attributed to mosquito-fish.